A Study on Motivation and Behavior of Recreational SCUBA Diver - The Case study in Long-Dong Bay, Northeastern Taiwan
隨著台灣社會的發展，民眾越來越重視休閒生活，其中休閒潛水人口的增加，使人為接觸海底環境之頻率遞增，因此本研究旨在探討潛水者特性、潛水動機與水下行為間的相互關係，提供管理者與經營者參考。本研究在2009年7月1日～2010年6月30日期間以北台灣東北角潛水活動較為密集的龍洞灣海域進行調查，經由潛水業者問卷調查結果顯示，此一年期間約有20,299人在此地潛水。由潛水動機問卷調查346份顯示，有65.3%的人是利用假日前來，其中以北北基（75%）且大專以上程度（87%）人數最多；以潛水者特性來看在樣區的女性潛水者為少數（32%），且女性在學歷、有導潛、收費區潛水等和男性潛水者有顯著差異；以潛水者動機來看，前六名依序為：和好朋友潛水、增加不同的生活體驗、沉浸在清涼的海水、天候的適宜、認識新朋友與訓練潛水技巧等，多為交友、天候及訓練為主要考慮因素。
水下潛水行為調查88人發現，觸碰行為是會持續發生的，以擾動砂石（3.45次/人）為最多，定點停留（2.84次/人）次之，手主動觸碰（2.79次/人）第三；以潛水者擾動砂石總次數的水下行為來看，初級潛水者、體驗潛水者、潛水歷史次數在40次以內的潛水者為多數。此外，實施潛水前簡報後，珊瑚磨損總次數明顯減少，在有導潛的干預下，手主動觸碰總次數、定點拍攝總次數及定點停留總次數等行為皆有顯著減少。
綜合上述結果，本研究建議第一、規劃提供浮潛、潛水旅客進入珊瑚礁區的步道，改善環境設施增加便利性與安全性，應可以提昇女性潛水的意願；第二、以訓練和觀光性質劃分潛水區域、用潛水資格區分收費標準；第三、強化潛水前簡報與導潛干預功能，可以減少對海洋環境的衝擊。
Abstract
With the development of Taiwan’s society, people pay more attention to their leisure time. The increasing population of scuba diving increase the interaction between humans and the marine environment. Therefore, to investigate the characteristics, the motivations and the behavior under the sea of recreational divers are essential for managers and operators. This study deployed from July 1 2009 to June 30 2010 at LongDong Bay, the northeastern Taiwan where scuba diving activities are most common. With the preliminary survey, the estimated annual divers were 20,299 in this area. According to the questionnaires investigation of divers (n=346 persons), it showed 66.1% divers came on holidays. Among them, most people are from Taipei City, Taipei County, and Keelung City (75%). Most of than (87%) are, with or higher college degree (87%). Regarding the characteristics of the divers, female divers are less (32%) and have significant differences from male divers in education, with dive masters and the preferred pay area. As for the motivations marked by the divers, the top six factors are as follows: (1) the joy to dive with friends; (2) the increase of the different life experiences; (3) the pleasure to immerse in the sea water; (4) the amiable weather; (5) the chance to meet new friends and (6) the training of the technique of scuba diving. Most people considered making friends, weather and training are major attractions.
Regarding from the under the sea behavior investigation of the divers (n=88 persons), the touching activities occurred continuously, and most of them were disturbing the gravel (3.45 time/per person); the second one is the remained in one point (2.84 time/per person); the third one is touching by hands (2.79 time/per person).For disturbing gravel, the primary divers, discover, and those diving less than 40 times divers have higher times. In addition, diving briefing have significant differences in decreasing the friction of corals. When dive masters interfered the divers, the touch by hands, fixed photo taking and the time for remained in one point have significantly decreased.
Summarize from these results, this resesrch suggests that: (1) to construct coral reel trails for divers and improve basic facilities to encourage females’ willingness to scuba diving; (2) separate scuba diving areas to different areas, such as training areas and tourism areas and charge in accordance with the qualifications of scuba diving; (3) enhance the briefing before scuba diving and the interfering of the dive masters. These activities would be useful to decrease the impact of divers on the marine environment.
