Indonesia tuna fisheries development and future strategy

Indonesia tuna fisheries development and future strategy

文章日期：2013-06-25 09:10

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X13001255
Rahmadi Sunoko, Hsiang-Wen Huang*, 2014, Indonesia tuna fisheries development and future strategy. Marine Policy. 

Highlights

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Bilateral cooperation, joint venture and chartering empowered Indonesia tuna fisheries from 1970s to 1990s.

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‘Indonesia’ participated fisheries organizations and strengthens domestic managements in 2000s.

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After five stages of development, Indonesian became number one tuna production country in 2004.

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Indonesia needs to build capacity, data collection, and marketing for sustainable tuna fisheries development.

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Abstract

Tuna has made a significant contribution to Indonesian and world fisheries. Indonesian tuna fisheries were introduced from Japan, Taiwan and Korea. Longline fishing was introduced in 1962, and purse seine gear was first used in 1974. Many foreign vessels have reflagged to the Indonesian flag. The Indonesian government developed its own tuna fisheries and closed the chartering program in 2006. Through these efforts, Indonesia became the number one tuna production country in 2004 and has further targeted an increase in marine capture fisheries catch of 0.5%/year from 2010 to 2014. Tuna resources remain under pressure globally. The tuna regional fisheries management organizations attempt to manage tuna fisheries by strengthening conservation of stocks. To enhance international cooperation, Indonesia ratified the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1985 and the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in 2005 and became a member of Indian Ocean Tuna Commission and Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna and a cooperating non-member of Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission in the 2000s. Consequently, Indonesia adopted domestic regulations to comply with management measures. For future sustainable development, Indonesia needs to build its capacity, improve its compliance with the tuna RFMOs’ conservation and management measures, strengthen data collection, develop its products to increase their quality and diversification, and enhance its international cooperation.

美國環保團體狀告美國州政府又一樁

舊金山紅木國家公園發展娛樂，威脅瀕危鳥種

文章日期：2013-06-21 09:32

美國舊金山紅木國家公園Big Basin State Park

為了發展觀光休閒，通過新的開發計畫

可能會威脅到marbled murrelet的生存

於是，環保團體告上法院，要求國家應該採取更積極的保育行動

避免因為觀光威脅到野生物種

State sued over Big Basin plan and threat to marbled murrelet

Santa Cruz Sentinel (CA), 2013-06-20

June 20--SANTA CRUZ -- An environmental group sued the state Wednesday over

a plan to give Big Basin State Park a makeover, saying the agency should do more to protect an endangered seabird that nests high in the limbs of old-growth redwoods.

The San Francisco-based Center for Biological Diversity filed the suit in Santa Cruz County, alleging State Parks is required by state law to add additional protections for the marbled murrelet, with about half the bird's known nests located within a kilometer of Big Basin's historic park headquarters.

"The murrelet is declining. It's running out of time," said Shaye Wolf, a biologist with the Center for Biological Diversity. "This plan is should have been a turning point, and instead its vague promises."

State Parks strongly defended itself, releasing a lengthy statement outlining efforts to protect the bird. Those included removing once-planned cabins from habitat areas and including language about removing facilities if scientifically justified. The agency said it  "has not failed to protect the

marbled murrelet, but now has written, clear and enforceable guidelines in place for immediate and future actions to preserve the old growth forest and help with murrelet management and recovery."

Approved unanimously last month by the state's Parks & Recreation Commission, the Big Basin General Plan envisions numerous changes for California's first state park. It calls for development in several underused areas, and generally tried to spread visitors throughout the park, moving

the main point of entry to Saddle Mountain and developing Little Basin as a primary destination.

State Parks did not rule out future changes.

"Immediately ceasing all visitor activities within the old-growth area and relocating all facilities within that area is not physically or fiscally possible," the agency said. "But with this general plan, that action remains an alternative for future consideration."

DWINDLING NUMBERS

There are about 450 marbled murrelets left in the Santa Cruz Mountains, clustered in Big Basin. But drawn by humans who leave behind food and garbage, ravens and blue jays have attacked murrelet eggs, and are responsible for at least 44 percent and up to 70 percent of nest failures, according to one

study.

Several groups protested the park plan, the first in Big Basin's 111-year history. The Audubon Society and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service both said more should be done to protect the endangered bird.

"We support the components of the lawsuit. They're well-justified," said Anna Weinstein, seabird and marine program manager of Audubon California, which did not join the suit. "People care about this bird, and State Parks chose to ignore scientific consensus, in addition to the voice of the

people."

State Parks has a program to try to control rays and blue jays, and has said it would continue to study the situation. Wolf said the agency could do more, including moving a campground and food

store out of the historic headquarters. The suit cites the California Environmental Quality Act and the California Endangered Species Act. "We want them to do what was required by law, which was commit to mitigation measures for the marbled murrelet," Wolf said.

Hawksbill - Endangered and Dangerous

Hawksbill - Endangered and Dangerous

這回到檀香山，遇到一件值得告訴喜歡悠遊於大海的同伴們

一位NMFS年輕海洋科學家到海上搜集資料時
遇上hawksbill, 也就是玳瑁，不小心被牠的前肢一揮
造成眼角到額頭很長的傷口，從海上坐船經一個小時轉送醫院
⋯⋯ [事前通知醫生待命，醫生還以為是鯊魚問題，沒想到是海龜]
整形醫師縫了內部四針，外部四十餘針
幸運的是，兩周後復原良好，視力也完全沒受損
如果換在美屬薩摩亞發生此事，沒有夠好的交通跟醫療設備，大概就殉職了。
我們開玩笑說，這該寫個故事，說明hawkbill 是種 endangered and dangerous animal.



末了，試探性的問這要多少手術費?
他說此乃因公，所以政府出錢，他不會收到任何帳單，也不知道價錢
另位同事說，如果不是這樣，US 20,000 應該跑不掉吧!
我家老公說，這在台灣健保應該只要付醫院八百元。
這乃後話，就不多提了。

總之，海龜看來可愛，可也是種潛在的威脅，對於這些海洋生物，
還是尊敬的保持距離比較安全。

碩士畢業口試須知Part 1 by Henry

文章日期：2013-06-05 10:38

一、  口試申請

1. 線上申請口試開始日期為4/20，至4/30截止(確切時間請查行事曆)，請在開始申請前10天(約4/10)，與老師討論口試委員名單，之後開始聯繫各口試委員，範本如下(請將指導教授列為副本)：

  主旨：畢業口試邀請
  內文：
    AAA博士您好：

     我是海洋大學海洋事務與資源管理研究所的碩士研究生─XXX同學，目前在BBB老師的指導下研究「OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO」。

素仰您在此方面之學養，希望邀請您擔任這次論文口試委員，不知A老師您是否能撥冗指導。 

若您方便擔任口試委員，附件為時間調查表，請在方便的時間標註後回信給我，詳細時間、地點會於確定之後再通知您，口試邀請函也會在時間確定後寄出。

期待您的回信

 2. 與各口試委員確認共同許可時間後，於4/20前再發一封正式邀請函，範本如下(請將指導教授列為副本)：

AAA博士您好：

     我是海洋大學海洋事務與資源管理研究所的碩士研究生─XXX同學，目前在BBB老師的指導下研究「OOOOOOOOOOOOO」。

感謝蒙您同意擔任這次論文口試委員，目前預定口試時間地點為：

 時間:2013年*月*日(*)，下午*:*，預定至*:*，敬備午餐與餐點。

 地點:本校綜合一館101教室。(附件為本次口試地點地圖)

論文初稿將於2013年*月*日(至少口試一周前)，書面以及電子郵件方式寄出，倘未收到請再與我聯繫。

倘老師願意，請您提供您的手機號碼，以便當日能夠即時與您聯繫，謝謝。

 期待您的確認，倘有任何問題歡迎與我聯繫!
(聯絡電話：XXXX-XXX-XXX，02-2462-2192#5608)

3. 線上口試申請請至本校教學務系統→教務系統→碩博士系統→申請學位考試→新增

   進入後請先填寫中、英文論文題目，接著選擇各口試委員
(1)每一個口試委員選擇完成時請先儲存，再選擇下一名口試委員；(2)與指導教授討論召集人，召集人應為校外委員；
(3)若口試委員資料有誤，印出後圈出錯誤處，並告知技正；
(4)若口試委員資料不在系統上，發信詢問口試委員的服務單位、職稱、身分證字號、郵局局帳號(詳細事項請詢問技正)；

(5)線上申請完畢後，請印出紙本簽名，務必於4/30前送至所辦。

4.若4/30後欲更換口試委員，必須向學校上簽呈，但是無論如何必須在4/30前完成線上及紙本的申請，否則期限過後無法登入系統申請。

5.申請完畢後詢問技正何時會將聘書寄出，在聘書寄出後兩天內，親自致電給各口試委員：

(1)表明自己身分，並感謝老師惠允擔任口試委員；

(2)詢問老師是否收到聘書，若無應表示會立刻確認；

(3)告知論文初稿預計寄出時間；

(4)詢問委員交通方式，如搭乘高鐵或飛機請委員保留票根；

(5)詢問委員是否曾經來過海洋大學，並告知搭乘公車或計程車時在何處下車較快(本校有祥豐與濱海兩校門，請告知距離口試地點較近者)；

(6)再次謝謝委員能撥冗前來指導。

二、  口試前十天作業

1. 口試一星期以前請先告知技正確切的時間、地點，以便技正發出公告。

2. 最遲在口試前一星期將論文初稿之電子檔(PDF)與紙本寄出，紙本寄出時可附上一份口試時間與地點的相關資訊，再次提醒口試委員，範本如下：

AAA 博士 道鑒：

 學生學位論文口試承蒙 AAA博士惠允擔任口試委員，至為感激。

口試相關資訊如下：

一、  論文題目：

二、  學生姓名：

三、  指導教授：

四、  口試委員：AAA(建議先寫召集人)老師、BBB老師、CCC老師

五、  口試時間：

六、  口試地點：

        敬頌 教安

               國立臺灣海洋大學 海洋事務與資源管理研究所

XXX  敬上

3. 紙本寄出兩天內，請用電話聯絡委員是否收到，並且可以詢問當天準備的餐點是否有特殊的需求(如葷素與牛肉等，素食也可詢問為全素或方便素)，並再次確認當天時間、地點與交通相關事項。

三、  口試當天

1. 請著正式服裝。

2. 請學弟妹或是同學幫忙準備茶點或是便當，茶點包含(水、咖啡、水果、糕點)，如果要準備全素便當者，請於前一天向池上便當(02-2462-5552)訂購(校園附近沒有全素便當店，市區才有)。

3. 向技正確認是否有準備口試相關文件，如評分表及領據等。

4. 請於門口張貼「口試題目、研究生姓名、時間、地點，口試期間請勿打擾」等字樣。

5. 可請兩位同學幫忙記錄(一位攝影、一位手寫)，以確保不會遺漏口試委員的提問與建議，方便日後修改。

6. 除了請同學幫忙記錄外，當委員在提問時，手邊也可準備一張白紙，記錄委員的提問，確保能夠回答委員各個問題。

7. 口試結束時，請一位同學協助，幫忙與各口試委員們合影留念。

2013 臺灣北部海濱垃圾調查與民眾對海洋垃圾認知之分析

The Marine Debris Survey on Northern Taiwan Beaches and the Public Perceptions on Marine Debris

研究生：郭凡鈞

海洋垃圾近年來成為全球極力解決的議題，由於各種人類活動的結果，其影響範圍包含海岸及海洋環境，甚至是人煙稀少的離島地區，並對海洋生物、生態系以及人類的健康與經濟造成危害。海洋垃圾可分為海源性與陸源性兩大類，而海濱的海洋垃圾來源包含海岸遊憩與日常生活、抽菸行為、船隻活動與漁業、丟棄行為、衛生醫療用品等五類，可見遊客是海濱垃圾問題的關鍵因子。

為瞭解並解決海濱垃圾之問題，故本研究選取人口密度較高，海岸線最長(122km)的新北市作為研究地區，進行兩項研究：(1)自2012年6月至2013年5月，為期一年中分為四季，每季又分為大、小潮過後各調查一次，共計有八次調查，利用穿越線法(strip transect method)調查沙岸(白沙灣、金沙灣)、岩岸(尖子鹿、龍洞攀岩場)以及漁港(淡水第二漁港、澳底漁港)三類等六處之海濱垃圾數量及種類，以分析海濱垃圾數量與種類在地點、地型、季節及潮別之差異。(2)於2012年8到10月間，選定白沙灣與福隆海水浴場等兩處遊憩區，利用問卷調查分析民眾對海濱垃圾的意識，包含經驗、行為及認知。研究結果顯示，海濱垃圾部分共記錄到9319件垃圾，總平均0.194件/m²，季節以秋季垃圾最多，平均0.309件/m²，春季平均僅0.101件/m²為最少；大潮過後平均0.241件/ m²垃圾，小潮為0.148件/m²；岩岸垃圾最多有0.398件/m²，其次為沙岸0.149件/m²，而漁港最少僅0.035件/m²。各地點的平均數量以淡水漁港為最低(23.38±17.58件垃圾)，最多的則為尖子鹿(614.38±309.41件)。利用Kruskal-Wallis檢定分析發現岩岸垃圾數量高於沙岸及漁港，尖子鹿顯著高於其他地點，至於季節與潮別沒有顯著差異。垃圾組成以塑膠類最多，佔65.89%，其次為紙類，佔11.26%。垃圾來源以海岸遊憩與日常生活最多(75.48%)，其次為船隻活動與漁業行為(16.07%)，而衛生醫療用品最少(0.04%)。遊客部分回收有效問卷393份，其中受訪者自備飲食的比例很高(61.3%)，而處理垃圾方式以丟垃圾桶最多(62.3%)，也有48.6%的受訪者帶回處理。高達89.3%的受訪者認為在海灘設置垃圾桶不足，且認同增設垃圾桶(80.9%)以減少海濱垃圾。本研究調查資料可供作為後續研究的資料庫外，並提出六點建議，包含(1)增加研究調查以及相關設備，如深水調查設備的研發，(2)利用教育宣導改善國人觀念與生活習慣以及推廣「無痕海岸」之觀念，(3)針對垃圾數量較多的項目，例如塑膠，進行源頭減量， (4)增設垃圾桶方便民眾丟棄及清運，(5)利用漁具收購的獎勵措施鼓勵漁民回收廢棄漁具，(6)加強執法強度，(7)強化國際間合作，希望能藉此改善海洋垃圾的問題，以減輕環境的負擔。