英文摘要的最基本原則

文章日期：2013-05-24 09:36

這其實應該是英文作文的原則，例如
1.事實用現在式，研究方法跟結果因為已經做完，所以用過去式或完成式。
2.主詞不是人的，應用被動式。
3.數字少於10者，請用one, two, three, 不要用阿拉伯數字1,2,3.
4.數字在字首，則也用英文而非阿拉伯數字，例如 One hundred questionnaires .....,

Email 禮貌

禮貌--有關 email

文章日期：2013-05-21 16:21

email禮貌或許個人各有見地，但至少

收到他人信件，當下儘速回復，即使只寫四個字都可以，但不要杳無音訊。

Dear ***

  Received with thanks.

Cheers,

***

運用遊客心態打造生態旅遊環境

Understanding heterogeneous preference of tourists for big game species: 運用遊客心態打造生態旅遊環境

文章日期：2013-05-19 08:10

     隨著生態旅遊越來越興盛，也開始有"客製化"生態旅遊的想法，最早有很多研究旅遊動機，例如潛水的動機是因為特有種生物、生物多樣性、生物豐富度、天氣、地質或者與友同遊的心態而參與潛水活動。
     也有些以PCA集群分析法分析國家公園的旅客特質，看是喜歡動物生態、植物生態、生物多樣性或者是離群索居的遊客設計不同套裝行程。
    此篇則是以choice experiment approach的方式探討到南非國家公園的旅客想法，包括會因為經濟能力(有錢人或非)以及經驗而有不同需求。這些結果都可以做為國家公園管理處管理保育生態系的重點方向。
    我們是不是也能用此去分析釣客的心態及種類，去規畫友善的釣魚環境呢？
    一樣是研究，如何把成果講得很有價值也是一門學問。



Di Minin, E., Fraser, I., Slotow, R., MacMillan, D. C. (2012), Understanding heterogeneous preference of tourists for big game species: implications for conservation and management. Animal Conservation. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00595.x

Abstract

The ‘Big Five’ charismatic megafauna concept is considered key for financial competitiveness of protected areas in South Africa. However, this Western colonial concept is also leading to an underappreciation of wider biodiversity and the recovery of other endangered species. This study assessed the heterogeneity of tourist preferences for big game species in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using a choice experiment approach, employing latent class modelling, in order to identify tourists' segments not necessarily drawn to the Big Five. The latent class segmentation identified two segments for both international and national tourists, largely defined by socio-economic characteristics. Less experienced and wealthier tourists were mostly interested in charismatic megafauna, while more experienced, but lower income tourists showed preferences for a broader range of species. Exploring viewing preferences in this way illustrates the potential to realign conservation businesses to achieve biodiversity conservation objectives. In the short term, managing protected areas for the Big Five and other favourite species will continue to deliver significant financial benefits to local stakeholders, but policy makers should consider using financial mechanisms to subsidize conservation actions for less charismatic species and develop the biodiversity base of safari tourism in South Africa.

Gene expression profiling of breast cancer survivability---用21個基因推測乳癌，夠有效率!

文章日期：2013-05-17 12:11

Gene expression profiling of breast cancer survivability by pooled cDNA microarray analysis using logistic regression, artificial neural networks and decision trees

Hsiu-Ling Chou¹, Chung-Tay Yao², Sui-Lun Su³, Chia-Yi Lee³, Kuang-Yu Hu⁴, Harn-Jing Terng⁵, Yun-Wen Shih³, Yu-Tien Chang³, Yu-Fen Lu³, Chi-Wen Chang⁶, Mark L Wahlqvist⁷, Thomas Wetter⁸ and Chi-Ming Chu^3*

BMC Bioinformatics 2013, 14:100 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-14-100

Abstract

Background

Microarray technology can acquire information about thousands of genes simultaneously. We analyzed published breast cancer microarray databases to predict five-year recurrence and compared the performance of three data mining algorithms of artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees (DT) and logistic regression (LR) and two composite models of DT-ANN and DT-LR. The collection of microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, four breast cancer datasets were pooled for predicting five-year breast cancer relapse. After data compilation, 757 subjects, 5 clinical variables and 13,452 genetic variables were aggregated. The bootstrap method, Mann–Whitney U test and 20-fold cross-validation were performed to investigate candidate genes with 100 most-significant p-values. The predictive powers of DT, LR and ANN models were assessed using accuracy and the area under ROC curve. The associated genes were evaluated using Cox regression.

Results

The DT models exhibited the lowest predictive power and the poorest extrapolation when applied to the test samples. The ANN models displayed the best predictive power and showed the best extrapolation. The 21 most-associated genes, as determined by integration of each model, were analyzed using Cox regression with a 3.53-fold (95% CI: 2.24-5.58) increased risk of breast cancer five-year recurrence…

Conclusions

The 21 selected genes can predict breast cancer recurrence. Among these genes, CCNB1, PLK1 and TOP2A are in the cell cycle G2/M DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Oncologists can offer the genetic information for patients when understanding the gene expression profiles on breast cancer recurrence.

Keywords:

Breast cancer; Microarray; Artificial neural network; Logistic regression; Decision tree

使用資料探勘演算法預測非肺小細胞肺癌患者存活情形及其效能比較

使用資料探勘演算法預測非肺小細胞肺癌患者存活情形及其效能比較

文章日期：2013-05-17 12:02

資料越來越多，資料探勘也越來越重要，特別是資訊不足的時候，模式很重要
下面研究三種探勘方法，建議用決策樹決定變項，將變項丟進LOGISTIC MODEL，
不過因為樣本數要夠多，四百多個可能都不太夠，
所以樣本不夠就靠類神經方法可能幫得上忙!

Author: 翁紹宏* 陳麗帆 朱基銘 白璐 楊燦 劉立 孫建安
摘要
本研究使用決策樹、類神經網路和邏輯斯迴歸模型三種資料探勘演算法來探討影響非小細胞肺癌的預後因子及影響模型預測能力的因素（不同資料庫、不同死因、單或複合模型和樣本大小）。本研究的研究對象為美國癌症登記資料檔（the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, SEER），選取自西元1988年至2004年間診斷為非小細胞肺癌患者，並依據死因的不同將其分為死於肺癌與死於轉移癌;資料經過修整後，共有16個自變項納入分析，並根據其存活情形分為一年、三年和五年存活情形。模型的評估指標為準確率（accuracy, ACC）、ROC曲線下的面積（area under the ROC curve, AUC）和外推力(external generalization)。為避免隨機抽樣造成資料的誤差，本研究將對資料庫進行十折交叉驗證（10-fold cross-validation）。

研究結果顯示，影響美國非小細胞肺癌患者死於肺癌的一年、三年和五年存活情形預後因子為手術種類、臨床分組和腫瘤擴散程度;影響非小細胞肺癌患者死於轉移癌的一年、三年和五年存活情形預後因子為手術種類、臨床分期和檢驗淋巴結個數。

三個模型的預測力表現以類神經網路模型的表現較好，外推能力則以邏輯斯廻歸模型表現較好。樣本人數建議為至少為3500人，其中以邏輯氏回歸模型最容易受到小樣本的影響; 決策樹則是會因為資料庫提供的訊息不足而無法成樹。複合模型的部份，其結果顯示，當決策樹的測試組的ACC值較另外兩個模型好時，則複合模型的測試組AUC值就會提高。
關鍵字：lung cancer, decision tree, artificial neural network, logistic regression, SEER

Statin Use and Reduced Cancer-Related Mortality--標題寫得好!

Statin Use and Reduced Cancer-Related Mortality--標題寫得好!

文章日期：2013-05-17 11:57

不是只有台灣有健保資料庫~~~

 

Statin Use and Reduced Cancer-Related Mortality

Sune F. Nielsen, Ph.D., Børge G. Nordestgaard, M.D., D.M.Sc., and Stig E. Bojesen, M.D., Ph.D., D.M.Sc.

N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1792-1802November 8, 2012DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1201735

BACKGROUND

A reduction in the availability of cholesterol may limit the cellular proliferation required for cancer growth and metastasis. We tested the hypothesis that statin use begun before a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced cancer-related mortality.

METHODS

We assessed mortality among patients from the entire Danish population who had received a diagnosis of cancer between 1995 and 2007, with follow-up until December 31, 2009. Among patients 40 years of age or older, 18,721 had used statins regularly before the cancer diagnosis and 277,204 had never used statins.

RESULTS

Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for statin users, as compared with patients who had never used statins, were 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.87) for death from any cause and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.87) for death from cancer. Adjusted hazard ratios for death from any cause according to the defined daily statin dose (the assumed average maintenance dose per day) were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.85) for a dose of 0.01 to 0.75 defined daily dose per day, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.89) for 0.76 to 1.50 defined daily dose per day, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.91) for higher than 1.50 defined daily dose per day; the corresponding hazard ratios for death from cancer were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.86), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.91), and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.92). The reduced cancer-related mortality among statin users as compared with those who had never used statins was observed for each of 13 cancer types.

CONCLUSIONS

Statin use in patients with cancer is associated with reduced cancer-related mortality. This suggests a need for trials of statins in patients with cancer.

A Conference Just in Time

文章日期：2013-05-16 20:29

A conference just in time
多年前當大學生，喜歡在實驗課之後晃到思亮館去聽研討會
我們總是開玩笑說，最少有機會去吃吃COFFEE BREAK的高級餐點
多年過去，對於COFFEE BREAK越來越挑，卻還是喜歡參加研討會
聽來自不同領域的聲音與想法，
算一天下來只聽到幾句令人心動的話
或者比比人家的簡報技巧，都是收穫，
就像今天這場2013 ILA-ASOL ASIA-PACIFIC RESEARCH FORUM
International law and dispute resolution: challenges in the Asia Pacific
[2013年國際法學會亞洲研究論壇- 亞太地區挑戰: 國際法與爭端解決]
來自日本美國越南台灣中國的國際法學者熱烈討論東海南海的問題
大概在其他地方很難有這麼多國家專家能平和的坐在一起討論這些問題
雖然偶爾聞到些許煙硝味

安排豐富的圓桌論壇，還有同步翻譯，口譯者技術高超獨撐全場!
主持人是陳長文律師，果然步調沉穩，有大師風範~
左邊惟一的女性則來自日本，她也說道，日本認為釣魚台是沒有主權爭議的地方

每每覺得，其實政府官員更該靜下心來聽幾場
(或者派人認真聽幾場也可以)，
也許對未來施政能更有願景，更有方向，更說得出所以然

[不管聽眾是小學生還是大專家，大家都喜歡圖片繽紛的簡報檔
只是看到連國際學者都有些採用WIKI的圖片檔時
就開始猶豫到底要不要跟學生說不要隨便引用WIKI的資訊了!]


不過，還是跟往常一樣，
首領帶著大批隨扈，發表完開幕詞就走了~~~~
於是，仍就是言者諄諄，聽者藐藐，實在可惜了~~
再說，在晶華酒店開會很花錢的，結果只喝了一杯咖啡!!!




還有就是，英文再好也請不要賣弄，

美國來的講者溫文的慢慢講，讓與會者能夠清楚了解
反倒是有些臺灣人，不是因為覺得英文不好，就越講越小聲，
就是英文太好，怕人家覺得他英文不夠好，說起話跟連珠炮般不休息，
這樣，對於在場的日本、越南等其他非英語系國的人，其實是不禮貌的。